The sensor measures the soil moisture content by detecting electrical resistance between two probes. When the soil is dry, resistance increases, while moist soil decreases resistance.
The sensor provides both analog and digital outputs. The analog output gives a variable voltage proportional to soil moisture, while the digital output triggers at a threshold set by a potentiometer on the control board.
The sensor can be used outdoors, but prolonged exposure to moisture may degrade the probes. For long-term use, waterproofing or using corrosion-resistant probes is recommended.
Connect the VCC to the 5V pin, GND to the ground, and the analog or digital output to the respective input pin on the Arduino for reading moisture levels.
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